18,344 research outputs found
Constraints to the magnetospheric properties of T Tauri stars - II. The Mg II ultraviolet feature
The atmospheric structure of T Tauri Stars (TTSs) and its connection with the
large scale outflow is poorly known. Neither the effect of the magnetically
mediated inter- action between the star and the disc in the stellar atmosphere
is well understood. The Mg II multiplet is a fundamental tracer of TTSs
atmospheres and outflows, and is the strongest feature in the near-ultraviolet
spectrum of TTSs. The International Ultraviolet Explorer and Hubble Space
Telescope data archives provide a unique set to study the main physical
compounds contributing to the line profile and to derive the properties of the
line formation region. The Mg II profiles of 44 TTSs with resolution 13,000 to
30,000 are available in these archives. In this work, we use this data set to
measure the main observables: flux, broadening, asymmetry, terminal velocity of
the outflow, and the velocity of the Discrete Absorption Components. For some
few sources repeated observations are available and variability has been
studied. There is a warm wind that at sub-AU scales absorbs the blue wing of
the Mg II profiles. The main result found in this work is the correlation
between the line broadening, Mg II flux, terminal velocity of the flow and
accretion rate. Both outflow and magnetospheric plasma contribute to the Mg II
flux. The flux-flux correlation between Mg II and C IV or He II is confirmed;
however, no correlation is found between the Mg II flux and the ultraviolet
continuum or the H2 emission.Comment: 21 pages, 20 figure
Constraints to the magnetospheric properties of T Tauri stars. I. The C II], Fe II] and Si II] ultraviolet features
The C II] feature at ~2325 Angstrom is very prominent in the spectra of T
Tauri stars (TTSs). This feature is a quintuplet of semiforbidden transitions
excited at electron temperatures around 10,000 K that, together with the nearby
Si II] and Fe II] features, provides a reliable optically thin tracer for
accurate measurement of the plasma properties in the magnetospheres of TTSs.
The spectra of 20 (out of 27) TTSs observed with the Space Telescope Imaging
Spectrograph (STIS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have good enough
signal to noise ratio (S/N) at the C II] wavelength. For these stars we have
determined electron densities (ne) and temperatures (Te) in the line emission
region as well as the profile broadening (sigma). For most of the stars in the
sample (17) we obtain 10^{4.1} < Te < 10^{4.5} K and 10^{8} < ne < 10^{12}
cm^{-3}. These stars have suprathermal line broadening (35 < sigma < 165 km
s^{-1}), except TW Hya and CY Tau with thermal line broadening. Both C II] line
luminosity and broadening are found to correlate with the accretion rate. Line
emission seems to be produced in the magnetospheric accretion flow, close to
the disk. There are three exceptions: DG Tau, RY Tau and FU Ori. The line
centroids are blueshifted indicating that the line emission in these three
stars is dominated by the outflow.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figures, published in MNRAS minor change
Variation of the ultraviolet extinction law across the Taurus-Auriga star forming complex. A GALEX based study
The Taurus-Auriga molecular complex (TMC) is the main laboratory for the
study of low mass star formation. The density and properties of interstellar
dust are expected to vary across the TMC. These variations trace important
processes such as dust nucleation or the magnetic field coupling with the
cloud. In this article, we show how the combination of near ultraviolet (NUV)
and infrared (IR) photometry can be used to derive the strength of the 2175
\AA\ bump and thus any enhancement in the abundance of small dust grains and
PAHs in the dust grains size distribution. This technique is applied to the
envelope of the TMC, mapped by the GALEX All Sky Survey (AIS). UV and IR
photometric data have been retrieved from the GALEX-AIS and the 2MASS
catalogues. NUV and K-band star counts have been used to identify the areas in
the cloud envelope where the 2175 \AA\ bump is weaker than in the diffuse ISM
namely, the low column density extensions of L1495, L1498 and L1524 in Taurus,
L1545, L1548, L1519, L1513 in Auriga and L1482-83 in the California region.
This finding agrees with previous results on dust evolution derived from
Spitzer data and suggests that dust grains begin to decouple from the
environmental galactic magnetic field already in the envelope.Comment: Accepted in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ
COSTO DE PRODUCCIÓN EN LA CRIANZA, DESARROLLO Y ENGORDE DEL CONEJO EN LAS EMPRESAS: FUNDACIÓN MARÍA CAVALLERI, FINCA LA GRANJA Y UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL TRÓPICO SECO (UCATSE) DE LOS DEPARTAMENTOS DE MATAGALPA Y ESTELÍ DURANTE EL I SEMESTRE DEL AÑO 2009
Los costos de producción de conejos en las empresas cunícula de los departamentos de Matagalpa y Estelí, surgen con el propósito de analizar la información de los costos necesarios para producir, haciendo uso de los registros adecuados y procedimientos contables necesarios para poder controlar, comparar y tomar decisiones en el momento oportuno.
La producción de conejo es una actividad rentable que presenta grandes ventajas si se compara con otras, por tener un corto ciclo de reproducción y adaptación al medio, no requiere de tecnología avanzada y poco uso de mano de obra, cuyo ciclo de desarrollo de producción está dividido en tres fases: crianza, desarrollo y engorde. La crianza incluye el nacimiento, período de amamantamiento, cuidado de la cría por la madre; el desarrollo es cuando el animal pasa a una etapa de crecimiento, hasta que se realiza la selección del conejo para el engorde, o reproductores; éste es el último proceso donde el animal es alimentado para que adquiera el peso adecuado.
Los costos de producción son los que se generan en el proceso de transformar los suministros en producto terminado, cargados directa o indirectamente a la producción, para lo que a veces es necesario adquirir obligaciones tales como: préstamos bancarios y deudas a proveedores, cuando no se cuenta con el capital necesario para realizar las operaciones.
En las empresas visitadas los principales costos en la producción de conejos son: alimentación, mano de obra, asistencia técnica, servicio de agua y material de ase
Entropy Generation Rate for Profiled Endwall Design in Turbines
This thesis investigates the use of entropy generation rate as a design variable for Profiled Endwalls (PEW) to reduce secondary loss in turbines. Entropy generation rate is a measure of the local loss production in the machine, therefore any reduction in this variable leads to a reduction of the losses at their source. To that end, a numerical investigation was conducted to calculate the entropy generation rate via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS) in three dimensions, for the so-called Durham Cascade. This was part of a PEW Design System optimisation that used the entropy generation rate as a design variable in a Genetic Algorithm (GA) coupled with CFD validated against experimental measurements. After 3000 evaluations and 48000h CPU using the Hamilton High Performance Computing Service, the result was a new PEW denominated E2 that reduced the predicted entropy generation rate by 9.7% compared to the planar case (P0). An experimental campaign that consisted of axial traverses using a 5-hole probe, confirmed that the E2 reduced the stagnation pressure loss coefficient by 0.0241 compared to P0. Two loss reduction mechanisms were identified: reduced vortex interaction of the suction side horseshoe vortex (SSHV) with the pressure side horseshoe vortex (PSHV); and delayed blade suction side boundary layer separation. The first use of entropy generation rate as a design variable for iterative design optimisation has been explored and its use recommended for PEW design
Effect of temperature on Brettanomyces bruxellensis: metabolic and kinetic aspects
The effect of temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 °C on a culture of Brettanomyces bruxellensis was investigated in regards to thermodynamics, metabolism, and kinetics. In this temperature range, we observed an increase in growth and production rates. The growth behavior was well represented using the Arrhenius model, and an apparent activation energy of 16.61 kcal/mol was estimated. A stuck fermentation was observed at 35 °C as represented by high cell death. The carbon balance established that temperature had no effect on repartition of the glucose consumption between biomass and products. Hence, the same biomass concentration was obtained for all temperatures, except at 35 °C. Moreover, using logistic and Luedeking–Piret models, we demonstrated that production rates of ethanol and acetic acid were partially growth associated. Parameters associated with growth (αeth and αaa) remained constant with changing temperature, whereas, parameters associated with the population (βeth and βaa) varied. Optimal values were obtained at 32 °C for ethanol and at 25 °C for acetic acid
Relationship between Polymer Dielectric Constant and Percolation Threshold in Conductive Poly(styrene)-Type Polymer and Carbon Black Composites
Se presenta un criterio fenomenológico para determinar el umbral de percolación en compuestos poliméricos polímero - negro de carbono, en términos de la constante dieléctrica del polímeroSIE
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